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Escoliosis - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Curvatura de la columna; Cifoescoliosis

Definición:

Es una curvatura de la columna vertebral. La columna forma curva lejos de la línea media o hacia los lados.

Causas:

Existen tres causas generales de escoliosis:

  • La escoliosis congénita (presente al nacer) se debe a un problema en la formación de los huesos de la columna (vértebras) o costillas fusionadas durante el desarrollo en el útero o a comienzos de la vida.
  • La escoliosis neuromuscular es causada por problemas tales como control muscular deficiente, debilidad muscular o parálisis debido a enfermedades como parálisis cerebral, distrofia muscular, espina bífida y polio.
  • La escoliosis idiopática es la escoliosis de causa desconocida y en los adolescentes es el tipo más común.

Algunas personas pueden ser propensas a presentar curvatura en la columna y la mayoría de los casos se presenta en niñas. El encorvamiento generalmente empeora durante el período de crecimiento. La escoliosis en bebés y niños pequeños es menos común y normalmente afecta a niños y niñas por igual.

  • Reviewed last on: 9/17/2009
  • David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.., and C. Benjamin Ma, MD, Assistant Professor, Chief, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, UCSF Dept of Orthopaedic Surgery.

Referencias

Hedequist DJ. Surgical treatment of congenital scoliosis. Orthop Clin North Am. 2007;38(4):497-509, vi.

Lonner, B. S. Emerging minimally invasive technologies for the management of scoliosis. Orthop Clin North Am. 2007;38(3): 431-440.

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