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Osteítis fibrosa - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Osteítis fibroquística

Definición:

Es una complicación del hiperparatiroidismo en la cual los huesos se tornan blandos y se deforman.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Las glándulas paratiroides son cuatro glándulas localizadas en el cuello que ayudan a controlar el uso y eliminación del calcio por parte del cuerpo. Esto lo hacen produciendo hormona paratiroidea (PTH), la cual ayuda a controlar los niveles de calcio, fósforo y vitamina D dentro de la sangre y los huesos.

Demasiada cantidad de hormona paratiroidea o paratirina (hiperparatiroidismo) puede llevar al incremento de la descomposición de los huesos, lo cual puede causar su reblandecimiento.

Esta afección casi nunca es ocasionada por cáncer de paratiroides.

Antes de1950, aproximadamente la mitad de las personas a quienes se les diagnosticaba hiperparatiroidismo tenían osteítis fibrosa. En la actualidad, esta afección no es común, debido a que el diagnóstico de los pacientes con hiperparatiroidismo se realiza de manera más temprana, antes de que ocurra el reblandecimiento de los huesos.

Las personas con hiperparatiroidismo grave tienen un riesgo mayor de padecer osteítis fibrosa.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/31/2010
  • Ari S. Eckman, MD, Chief, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Trinitas Regional Medical Center, Elizabeth, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Wysolmerski JJ. Insogna KL. The Parathyroid Glands, Hypercalcemia, and Hypocalcemia. In: Kronenberg HM, Schlomo M, Polansky KS, Larsen PR, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2008: chap. 266.

Bringhurst FR, Demay MB, Kronenberg HM. Disorders of Mineral Metabolism. In: Kronenberg HM, Schlomo M, Polansky KS, Larsen PR, eds. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. St. Louis, Mo: WB Saunders; 2008: chap. 27.

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