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Oclusión arterial aguda del riñón - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Embolia arterial renal; Trombosis aguda de la arteria renal; Oclusión arterial aguda renal; Embolia de la arteria renal

Definición:

Es una obstrucción súbita y grave de la arteria que lleva sangre al riñón.

Causas:

Los riñones son muy sensibles a la cantidad de flujo sanguíneo que fluye hacia ellos. La principal arteria que suministra sangre al riñón se denomina renal. Cualquier reducción de la circulación a través de esta arteria puede deteriorar su funcionamiento. Si continúa, la obstrucción total del flujo sanguíneo al riñón con frecuencia ocasiona una insuficiencia renal permanente.

La oclusión arterial aguda de la arteria renal puede ocurrir después de una lesión o trauma en el abdomen, el costado o la espalda. Los coágulos de sangre que viajan a través del torrente sanguíneo (émbolos) pueden alojarse en la arteria renal.

El riesgo de bloqueos de la arteria renal aumenta en personas que tienen ciertos trastornos cardíacos, como estenosis mitral o fibrilación auricular, los cuales los hacen propensos a la formación de coágulos.

Un estrechamiento de la arteria renal, llamado estenosis de la arteria renal, incrementa el riesgo de un bloqueo súbito, debido a que se forma un coágulo en dicha arteria estrecha.

  • Reviewed last on: 6/8/2011
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Herbert Y Lin, MD, PhD, Nephrologist, Massachusetts General Hospital; Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

DuBose TD Jr, Santos RM. Vascular disorders of the kidney. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 126.

Kanso AA, Hassan NMA, Badr KF. Microvascular and macrovascular diseases of the kidney. In: Brenner BM, ed. Brenner and Rector's The Kidney. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 32.

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