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Orquitis - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Infección de los testículos; Epididimitis-orquitis

Definición:

Es la hinchazón (inflamación) de uno o ambos testículos.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La orquitis puede ser causada por una infección a raíz de muchos tipos diferentes de bacterias y virus.

El virus más común que causa orquitis es el de las paperas. Con mayor frecuencia ocurre en niños después de la pubertad. La orquitis generalmente se desarrolla de 4 a 6 días después del comienzo de las paperas. Debido a las vacunas de la infancia, las paperas ahora son infrecuentes en los Estados Unidos.

La orquitis también puede ocurrir junto con infecciones de la próstata o el epidídimo.

Igualmente puede ser causada por enfermedades de transmisión sexual (ETS), tales como gonorrea o clamidia. La tasa de la orquitis o la epididimitis por transmisión sexual es más alta en los hombres de 19 a 35 años de edad.

Los factores de riesgo de orquitis transmitida sexualmente abarcan:

  • Comportamientos sexuales de alto riesgo
  • Múltiples parejas sexuales
  • Antecedentes personales de gonorrea u otra ETS
  • Pareja sexual con una ETS diagnosticada

Los factores de riesgo de orquitis que no se debe a una ETS abarcan:

  • Ser mayor de 45 años
  • Uso prolongado de una sonda de Foley
  • No estar vacunado contra las paperas
  • Problemas de las vías urinarias que ocurren al nacer (congénitos)
  • Infecciones urinarias regulares
  • Cirugía de las vías urinarias (cirugía genitourinaria)
  • Reviewed last on: 9/3/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Scott Miller, MD, Urologist in private practice in Atlanta, Georgia. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Krieger JN. Prostatitis, epididymitis, and orchitis. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone;2009:chap 109.

MacDonald NE. Epididymitis, orchitis, and prostatitis. in: Long SS, ed. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone;2008:chap 57.

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