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Mosaicismo - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Mosaicismo cromosómico; Mosaicismo gonadal

Definición:

El mosaicismo se refiere a una condición en donde un individuo tiene dos o más poblaciones de células que difieren en su composición genética. Esta situación puede afectar a cualquier tipo de célula, incluyendo las células sanguíneas, gametos (ovarios y espermatozoides), y la piel.

El mosaicismo se puede detectar a través de una evaluación cromosómica y usualmente se describe como un porcentaje de las células examinadas. El hallazgo cromosómico normal en los hombres es 46 XY y en las mujeres es 46 XX.

Los ejemplos de mosaicismo cromosómico abarcan:

  • Síndrome de Turner mosaico: una mujer con un cierto porcentaje de línea celular normal (46, XX), más otro porcentaje de línea celular anormal asociada con el síndrome de Turner (45, X).
  • Síndrome de Klinefelter mosaico: un hombre con un porcentaje de línea celular normal (46, XY), más otro porcentaje de una línea celular anormal asociada con el síndrome de Klinefelter (47, XXY).
  • Síndrome de Down mosaico: un hombre con una línea celular normal (46, XY), más una línea celular anormal (47, XX, +21) o una mujer con línea celular normal (46, XX) más una línea celular anormal (47, XX, +21). Es decir, en el síndrome de Down, el individuo tiene un cromosoma extra No 21.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

El mosaicismo ocurre como resultado de un error en la división celular muy temprano en el desarrollo fetal.

  • Reviewed last on: 12/1/2010
  • Chad Haldeman-Englert, MD, Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Hall JG. Single-gene and chromosomal disorders. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 39.
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