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Aspergilosis - Overview

Definición:

Es una infección o respuesta alérgica debida al hongo Aspergillus.

Causas:

La aspergilosis es causada por un hongo (Aspergillus) que comúnmente crece en hojas muertas, granos almacenados, pilas de estiércol o abono u otra vegetación en descomposición. También se puede encontrar en las hojas de marihuana.

Aunque la mayoría de las personas frecuentemente están expuestas al aspergillus, las infecciones causadas por el hongo rara vez ocurren en personas con un sistema inmunitario normal. Las infecciones raras causadas por el aspergillus abarcan neumonía y bola fúngica (aspergiloma).

Existen varias formas de aspergilosis:

  • Aspergilosis pulmonar de tipo broncopulmonar alérgica: es una reacción alérgica al hongo que generalmente se desarrolla en personas que ya tuvieron problemas pulmonares, como asma o fibrosis quística.
  • Aspergiloma: es un tumor (bola fúngica) que se desarrolla en un área de enfermedad pulmonar o cicatrización pulmonar previas, como una tuberculosis o un absceso pulmonar.
  • Aspergilosis pulmonar de tipo invasivo: es una infección grave con neumonía que se puede diseminar a otras partes del cuerpo. La infección ocurre casi exclusivamente en personas con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados debido al cáncer, SIDA, leucemia, trasplante de órganos, quimioterapia u otras afecciones o medicamentos que reducen el número de glóbulos blancos normales o debilitan el sistema inmunitario.
  • Reviewed last on: 6/9/2011
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Patterson TF. Aspergillus species. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 258.

Stevens DA. Aspergillosis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 360.

Walsh TJ, Anaissie EJ, Denning DW, et al. Treatment of aspergillosis: clinical practice guidelines of the Infections Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;46(3):327-60.

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