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Rabia - Overview

Definición:

Es una infección viral mortal que se propaga principalmente por medio de animales infectados.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La rabia se propaga por medio de saliva infectada que penetra al cuerpo a través de una mordedura o un corte en la piel. El virus viaja desde la herida hasta el cerebro, donde causa una hinchazón o inflamación. Esta inflamación provoca los síntomas de la enfermedad. La mayoría de las muertes por rabia ocurre en niños.

En el pasado, los casos de rabia en humanos en los Estados Unidos generalmente se producían por una mordedura de perro, pero recientemente hay más casos de rabia en seres humanos que han estado relacionados con mapaches o murciélagos. Aunque las mordeduras de perro representan una causa común de rabia en los países en desarrollo, en los Estados Unidos no se ha informado de casos de rabia causados por mordeduras de perro en muchos años, debido a la vacunación generalizada de animales.

Otros animales salvajes que pueden propagar el virus de la rabia abarcan:

  • Zorros
  • Zorrillos

En muy raras ocasiones, la rabia ha sido transmitida sin una mordedura real y se cree que esto ha sido causado por la saliva infectada que ha llegado al aire.

En el Reino Unido, la rabia se había erradicado por completo, pero recientemente se han encontrado murciélagos infectados con esta enfermedad en Escocia.

  • Reviewed last on: 2/10/2011
  • David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc., and Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital.

Referencias

Rupprecht CE, Briggs D, Brown CM, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Use of a reduced (4-dose) vaccine schedule for postexposure prophylaxis to prevent human rabies: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010 Mar 19;59(RR-2):1-9. Erratum in: MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010 Apr 30;59(16):493.

Bassin SL, Rupprecht CE, Bleck TP. Rhabdoviruses. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 163.

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