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Sífilis congénita - Symptom

Nombres alternativos

Lúes congénita; Sífilis fetal

Síntomas:

Los síntomas en los recién nacidos pueden abarcar:

  • Incapacidad para aumentar de peso o retraso en el desarrollo
  • Fiebre
  • Irritabilidad
  • Ausencia de puente nasal (nariz en silla de montar)
  • Erupción cutánea temprana: pequeñas ampollas en las palmas de las manos y las plantas de los pies
  • Erupción cutánea tardía: erupciones en la cara, palmas de las manos y plantas de los pies de color cobrizo, planas o abultadas
  • Erupción en la boca, los genitales y el ano
  • Secreción nasal acuosa
Los síntomas en bebés mayores y niños pequeños pueden abarcar:
  • Dientes anormales mellados y en forma de clavija llamados dientes de Hutchinson
  • Dolor de hueso
  • Ceguera
  • Opacidad de la córnea
  • Disminución en la audición o sordera
  • Parches grises con apariencia de moco en el ano y la parte externa de la vagina
  • Inflamación articular
  • Renuencia a mover un brazo o una pierna adolorida
  • Espinillas en forma de sable (problema óseo de la parte inferior de la pierna)
  • Cicatrización de la piel alrededor de la boca, los genitales y el ano

Pruebas y exámenes:

Si se sospecha el trastorno en el momento del nacimiento, se examinará la placenta en busca de signos de sífilis. Un examen físico del bebé puede mostrar signos de hinchazón del hígado y del bazo e inflamación del hueso.

Se hace un examen de sangre de rutina para sífilis durante el embarazo. A la madre se le pueden practicar los siguientes exámenes de sangre:

  • Prueba de absorción de anticuerpos treponémicos fluorescentes (FTA-ABS)
  • Reagina plasmática rápida (RPR)
  • Prueba serológica para sífilis (VDRL)

A un bebé o a un niño se le pueden hacer los siguientes exámenes:

  • Radiografía del hueso
  • Examen de los ojos
  • Punción lumbar
  • Examen de campo oscuro para detectar mejor bajo un microscopio las bacterias relacionadas con la sífilis
  • Reviewed last on: 11/2/2009
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Norhtwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Wolff T, Shelton E, Sessions C, Miler T. Screening for syphilis infection in pregnant women: Evidence for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150:710-716.

Workowski KA, Berman SM. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Congenital syphilis. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2006. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006;55(RR-11):30-33.

Azimi P. Syphilis (Treponema pallidum). In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 215.

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