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Meningococemia - Treatment

Nombres alternativos

Septicemia meningocócica; Toxemia menigocócica; Bacteriemia meningocócica

Tratamiento:

La meningococemia es una emergencia médica. Las personas con este tipo de infección a menudo son internadas en la unidad de cuidados intensivos del hospital, donde son monitoreadas muy de cerca. La persona se puede dejar en aislamiento respiratorio durante las primeras 24 horas para ayudar a prevenir la diseminación de la infección a otros.

Los tratamientos pueden abarcar:

  • Antibióticos por vía intravenosa (IV), administrados inmediatamente
  • Soporte respiratorio
  • Reposición de factores de coagulación o plaquetas, si se presentan trastornos hemorrágicos
  • Líquidos intravenosos (IV)
  • Medicamentos para tratar la hipotensión arterial
  • Cuidado de heridas para áreas de piel con coágulos sanguíneos

Expectativas (pronóstico):

El tratamiento oportuno da como resultado un buen pronóstico. Cuando se presenta shock, el pronóstico es más reservado.

La afección es potencialmente más mortal en aquellas personas que padecen:

Los pacientes que no desarrollan meningitis también tienden a tener un pronóstico más desalentador.

Complicaciones:

  • Artritis
  • Coagulopatía intravascular diseminada (CID)
  • Gangrena debido a la falta de riego sanguíneo
  • Inflamación de los vasos sanguíneos en la piel (vasculitis cutánea)
  • Miocarditis
  • Pericarditis
  • Shock
  • Daño serio a las glándulas suprarrenales que puede llevar a hipotensión arterial (síndrome de Waterhouse-Friderichsen)

Situaciones que requieren asistencia médica:

Acuda de inmediato a la sala de urgencias si tiene síntomas de meningococemia. Igualmente, consulte con el médico si ha estado cerca de alguien que padece la enfermedad.

  • Reviewed last on: 9/15/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Apicella MA. Meningococcal infections. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 321.

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