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Tifus - Symptom

Nombres alternativos

Tifus murino; Tifus epidémico; Tifus endémico; Enfermedad de Brill-Zinsser; Tifus exantemático

Síntomas:

Los síntomas del tifus murino o tifus endémico pueden abarcar:

  • Dolor abdominal.
  • Dolor de espalda.
  • Diarrea.
  • Erupción cutánea roja y sin brillo que comienza en el torso y se disemina.
  • Fiebre extremadamente alta, entre 40.5 y 41° C (105 a 106° F), que puede durar hasta dos semanas.
  • Tosecilla, tos seca.
  • Dolor de cabeza.
  • Dolor articular y muscular.
  • Náuseas.
  • Vómitos.

Los síntomas del tifus endémico pueden abarcar:

  • Escalofríos.
  • Tos.
  • Delirio.
  • Fiebre alta: 40° C (104° F).
  • Dolor articular (artralgia).
  • Luces que aparecen muy brillantes y pueden lastimar los ojos.
  • Presión arterial baja.
  • Erupción que comienza en el pecho y se extiende al resto del cuerpo, excepto a las palmas de las manos y a las plantas de los pies.
  • Dolor de cabeza intenso.
  • Dolor muscular fuerte (mialgia).
  • Estupor.

La erupción inicial es leve, color rosa y se desvanece al hacerle presión. Posteriormente las lesiones se vuelven rojo pálido y no se desvanecen. Las personas con tifus grave pueden también presentar pequeñas áreas de sangrado dentro de la piel (petequias).

Pruebas y exámenes:

Un hemograma o conteo sanguíneo completo ( CSC) puede mostrar anemia y disminución de las plaquetas. Otros exámenes de sangre para tifus pueden revelar:

  • Nivel alto de anticuerpos contra tifus
  • Bajo nivel de albúmina
  • Nivel de sodio bajo
  • Insuficiencia renal leve
  • Enzimas hepáticas levemente altas
  • Reviewed last on: 3/18/2011
  • A.D.A.M. Editorial Team: David Zieve, MD, MHA, and David R. Eltz. Previously reviewed by Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital (9/15/2010).

Referencias

Bechah Y, Capo C, Mege JL, Raoult D. Epidemic typhus. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008;8:417-426.

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