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Septicemia neonatal por estreptococos del grupo B - Prevention

Nombres alternativos

Estreptococos del grupo B; EGB

Prevención:

La Academia Estadounidense de Pediatría (American Academy of Pediatrics), la Escuela Estadounidense de Obstetras y Ginecólogos (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) y los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ) de los Estados Unidos han establecido dos métodos para ayudar a reducir el riesgo de contraer la septicemia por estreptococos del grupo B.

  • Se examina a las mujeres embarazadas en busca del estreptococo del grupo B entre las semanas 35 y 37 del embarazo. Si se detecta la bacteria, a la mujer se le administran antibióticos por vía intravenosa durante el trabajo de parto.
  • No se realiza evaluación prenatal, pero a la mujer que cumpla con ciertos factores de riesgo, se le suministran antibióticos por vía intravenosa durante el trabajo de parto.

Las dos series de procedimientos se aceptan en la actualidad como normas asistenciales.

A los recién nacidos que estén en alto riesgo se les hacen pruebas en busca de la infección por EGB. Ellos pueden recibir antibióticos por vía intravenosa durante las primeras 48 horas de vida hasta que los resultados del hemocultivo estén disponibles.

En todos los casos, el lavado apropiado de las manos por parte del personal de enfermería, los visitantes y los padres ayuda a prevenir la diseminación de las bacterias después de que el bebé haya nacido.

Un diagnóstico precoz puede ayudar a disminuir el riesgo de algunas complicaciones.

  • Reviewed last on: 12/10/2009
  • Kimberly G. Lee, MD, MSc, IBCLC, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. Review Provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Schrag S, Gorwitz R, Fultz-Butts K, Schuchat A. Prevention of perinatal group B streptococcal disease. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 51(RR-11): 1–22, 2002.

American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases. Group B streptococcal infections, in Section 3:Summaries of infectious diseases. Red Book 2009.

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