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Fiebre del dengue hemorrágico - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Dengue hemorrágico; Fiebre por dengue hemorrágico; Síndrome de shock por dengue; Fiebre hemorrágica de Filipinas; Fiebre hemorrágica tailandesa; Fiebre hemorrágica de Singapur

Definición:

Es una infección grave y potencialmente mortal que se propaga por medio de ciertas especies de mosquitos ( Aedes aegypti ).

Ver también: fiebre del dengue

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Se sabe que cuatro diferentes virus de dengue causan la fiebre del dengue hemorrágico. Esta afección ocurre cuando una persona contrae un tipo de virus de dengue diferente, después de haber sido infectado previamente por otro tipo en algún momento. La inmunidad previa a un tipo de virus del dengue diferente juega un papel importante en esta grave enfermedad.

En todo el mundo, se presentan más de 100 millones de casos de fiebre del dengue cada año y un pequeño porcentaje se convierte en fiebre del dengue hemorrágico. La mayoría de las infecciones en los Estados Unidos ingresan desde otros países. Es posible, aunque infrecuente, que un viajero que regresa a los Estados Unidos le transmita la infección a alguien que no haya viajado.

Entre los factores de riesgo para la fiebre del dengue hemorrágico se pueden mencionar tener anticuerpos para el virus del dengue a raíz de una infección previa y ser menor de 12 años, mujer o de raza blanca.

  • Reviewed last on: 12/7/2010
  • Linda Vorvick, MD, Family Physician, Seattle Site Coordinator, Lecturer, Pathophysiology, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Vaughn DW, Barrett A, Solomon T. Flaviviruses (Yellow Fever, Dengue, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Japanese Encephalitis, West Nile Encephalitis, St. Louis Encephalitis, Tick-Borne Encephalitis). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 153.

Haile-Mariam T, Polis MA. Viral illnesses. In: Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al, eds. Rosen’s Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:chap 128.

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