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Leptospirosis - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Enfermedad de Weil; Fiebre icterohemorrágica; Enfermedad de las porquerizas; Fiebre de los arrozales; Fiebre de los cortadores de caña; Fiebre de los pantanos; Fiebre del fango; Ictericia hemorrágica; Enfermedad de Stuttgart; Fiebre por Leptospira canicola

Definición:

Es una infección bacteriana grave y poco común que ocurre cuando las personas están expuestas a ciertos ambientes.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La leptospirosis es causada por la exposición a varios tipos de la bacteria Leptospira, la cual se puede encontrar en los climas más cálidos, en aguas dulces que han sido contaminadas por la orina de animales.

No se propaga de una persona a otra, excepto en casos muy raros cuando se transmite a través de la leche materna o de una madre a su feto.

Algunos de los factores de riesgo son:

  • Exposición ocupacional: agricultores, granjeros, trabajadores de los mataderos, cazadores (tramperos), veterinarios, leñadores, personas que trabajan en las alcantarillas, personas que trabajan en los arrozales y el personal militar.
  • Actividades recreativas: nadar en aguas dulces, hacer canotaje, kayaking y ciclomontañismo en áreas cálidas.
  • Exposición en el hogar: perros mascota, ganado doméstico, sistemas de recolección de agua de lluvia y roedores infectados.

La leptospirosis es infrecuente en la parte continental de los Estados Unidos y el mayor número de casos lo tiene Hawai.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/14/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Ko AI. Leptospirosis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 344.

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