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Listeriosis - Overview

Definición:

Es una infección peligrosa causada por el consumo de alimentos contaminados con la bacteria llamada Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes).

Causas:

De acuerdo con los Centros para el Control y Prevención de Enfermedades de los Estados Unidos, la listeriosis es un importante problema de salud pública en dicho país.

Las bacterias (Listeria monocytogenes) que causan esta enfermedad son comunes en animales salvajes y domésticos, al igual que en el agua o los suelos. Las bacterias producen enfermedad en muchos animales y con frecuencia llevan a que se presente aborto espontáneo y partos de mortinatos en animales domésticos.

Las verduras, las carnes y otros alimentos que usted consume pueden resultar infectados con la bacteria si entran en contacto con suelos o estiércol contaminado. La leche cruda o los productos hechos de ella pueden portar la bacteria.

Si usted come los productos contaminados, puede enfermarse. Las mujeres embarazadas, los fetos en desarrollo, los recién nacidos y los adultos con sistemas inmunitarios debilitados están en mayor riesgo. Las bacterias con mucha frecuencia causan una enfermedad gastrointestinal. En algunos casos, se puede desarrollar una infección de la sangre (septicemia) o una inflamación de las membranas que cubren el cerebro (meningitis).

La infección al comienzo del embarazo generalmente conduce a un aborto espontáneo. Las bacterias pueden atravesar la placenta e infectar al feto. Las infecciones a finales del embarazo pueden conducir a parto de mortinato o a la muerte del bebé al cabo de unas pocas horas de nacido. Aproximadamente la mitad de los bebés infectados a término o pretérmino morirán.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/28/2009
  • Linda Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Lorber B. Listeriosis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier. 2007: chap 316.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Preliminary FoodNet Data on the Incidence of Infection with Pathogens Transmitted Commonly Through Food -- 10 States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009;58(13);333-337.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Diagnosis and management of foodborne illnesses: a primer for physicians and other health care professionals. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2004;53(RR-4);1-33.

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