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Leishmaniasis - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Kala-azar

Definición:

Es una enfermedad parasitaria transmitida por la picadura del flebótomo o mosquito simúlido.

Causas:

Existen diferentes formas de leishmaniasis:

  • La leishmaniasis cutánea afecta la piel y las membranas mucosas. Las llagas en la piel por lo regular comienzan en el sitio de la picadura del flebótomo y pueden durar meses o años antes de sanar por sí solas. En unas pocas personas, las llagas se pueden desarrollar en las membranas mucosas.
  • La leishmaniasis sistémica o visceral afecta el cuerpo entero y es una forma que ocurre de 2 a 8 meses después de que la persona es picada por el flebótomo. La mayoría de las personas no recuerdan haber tenido una llaga en la piel. Esta forma puede llevar a complicaciones mortales. Los parásitos dañan al sistema inmunitario disminuyendo el número de células que combaten la enfermedad.

Se ha informado de casos de leishmaniasis en todos los continentes, a excepción de Australia y la Antártida. En los países de América, la enfermedad puede encontrarse en México y Suramérica. Se han reportado casos de leishmaniasis en el personal militar que regresó del Golfo Pérsico.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/28/2009
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Jeronimo SMB, DeQueiroz-Sousa A, Pearson RD. Leishmaniasis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 369.

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