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Leishmaniasis - Symptom

Nombres alternativos

Kala-azar

Síntomas:

La leishmaniasis cutánea afecta la piel y algunas veces las membranas mucosas. Sus síntomas son, entre otros:

  • Llagas en la piel que pueden volverse úlceras que sanan muy lentamente
  • Úlceras y desgaste (erosión) en la boca, la lengua, las encías, los labios, la nariz y el tabique nasal
  • Obstrucción nasal, rinorrea y hemorragia nasal
  • Dificultad para respirar
  • Dificultad para deglutir

En los niños, la infección visceral y sistémica empieza generalmente de una manera súbita con vómitos, diarrea, fiebre y tos. Los adultos por lo general presentan una fiebre que dura de 2 semanas a 2 meses, acompañada de síntomas como fatiga, debilidad e inapetencia. La debilidad aumenta a medida que la enfermedad empeora.

Otros síntomas de la leishmaniasis visceral y sistémica pueden ser:

  • Molestia en el área ventral (abdominal)
  • Tos (en niños)
  • Diarrea (en niños)
  • Fiebre que dura semanas y que puede aparecer y desaparecer en ciclos
  • Sudores fríos
  • Piel escamosa, grisácea, oscura y pálida
  • Adelgazamiento del cabello
  • Malestar abdominal vago
  • Vómitos (en niños)
  • Pérdida de peso

Pruebas y exámenes:

Un examen físico puede mostrar signos de agrandamiento del bazo, del hígado y de los ganglios linfáticos. El paciente puede haber sido picado por flebótomos o mosquitos simúlidos o estuvo en un área donde se sabe que se presenta la leishmaniasis.

Los exámenes que se pueden hacer para diagnosticar la afección abarcan:

Otros exámenes que se pueden realizar son:

  • Reviewed last on: 8/28/2009
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Jeronimo SMB, DeQueiroz-Sousa A, Pearson RD. Leishmaniasis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 369.

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