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Leishmaniasis - Treatment

Nombres alternativos

Kala-azar

Tratamiento:

Los principales medicamentos utilizados para tratar la leishmaniasis son los compuestos que contienen antimonio y abarcan:

  • Antimoniato de meglumina
  • Estibogluconato de sodio

Otros fármacos que se pueden utilizar son:

  • Anfotericina B
  • Fluconazol
  • Pentamidina

Puede necesitarse una cirugía plástica para corregir la desfiguración causada por las llagas en la cara (leishmaniasis cutánea). De igual manera, la extirpación del bazo (esplenectomía) se puede requerir en casos de leishmaniasis viral resistente a los medicamentos.

Pronóstico:

Las tasas de curación son altas con los medicamentos apropiados. Los pacientes deben recibir tratamiento antes de que se presente daño al sistema inmunitario. La leishmaniasis cutánea puede llevar a la desfiguración.

La muerte por lo regular es causada por complicaciones, como otras infecciones, más que por la enfermedad en sí y, a menudo, ocurre en un período de dos años.

Posibles complicaciones:

  • Infecciones mortales debido a daño en el sistema inmunitario
  • Desfiguración facial
  • Sangrado (hemorragia)

Cuándo contactar a un profesional médico:

Consulte con el médico si tiene síntomas de leishmaniasis después de haber visitado un área en donde se sabe que se presenta la enfermedad.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/28/2009
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Jeronimo SMB, DeQueiroz-Sousa A, Pearson RD. Leishmaniasis. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 369.

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