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Tumor medular - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Tumor de la médula espinal

Definición:

Es un crecimiento de células (masa) dentro o alrededor de la médula espinal.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Cualquier tipo de tumor se puede presentar en la columna vertebral, como:

Un pequeño número de los tumores medulares ocurre en los nervios de la médula espinal en sí y, con mayor frecuencia, corresponden a ependimomas y otros gliomas.

Los tumores que comienzan en el tejido medular se denominan tumores medulares primarios. Los tumores que se diseminan a la columna desde algunos otros lugares (metástasis) se denominan tumores medulares secundarios. Los tumores se puede diseminar a la columna desde la mama, la próstata, el pulmón y otras áreas.

Se desconoce la causa de los tumores medulares primarios y algunos ocurren por defectos genéticos.

Los tumores medulares pueden ocurrir:

  • Dentro de la médula (intramedulares)
  • En las membranas (meninges) que cubren la médula espinal (extramedulares - intradurales)
  • Entre las meninges y los huesos de la columna (extradurales)

O los tumores se pueden extender desde otros lugares. La mayoría de estos tumores son extradurales.

A medida que crece, el tumor puede afectar a:

  • Vasos sanguíneos
  • Huesos de la columna
  • Meninges
  • Raíces de los nervios raquídeos
  • Células de la médula espinal

El tumor puede ejercer presión sobre la médula espinal o las raíces nerviosas, causando daño. Con el tiempo el daño puede llegar a ser permanente.

  • Reviewed last on: 9/26/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

DeAngelis LM. Tumors of the central nervous system and intracranial hypertension and hypotension. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007: chap 199.

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