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Aneurisma en el cerebro - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Aneurisma cerebral; Aneurisma en cerebro

Definición:

Es un área débil en la pared de un vaso sanguíneo que provoca que éste protruya o se abombe. Se denomina aneurisma cerebral cuando ocurre en un vaso sanguíneo del cerebro.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Los aneurismas en el cerebro ocurren cuando hay un área debilitada en la pared de un vaso sanguíneo. Un aneurisma puede estar presente desde el nacimiento (congénito) o puede desarrollarse más tarde en el transcurso de la vida, como después de la lesión a un vaso sanguíneo.

Existen muchos diferentes tipos de aneurismas. Un aneurisma sacciforme puede variar de tamaño desde unos pocos milímetros a más de un centímetro. Los aneurismas sacciformes gigantes pueden alcanzar perfectamente más de 2 cm y son más comunes en los adultos. Los aneurismas sacciformes múltiples se heredan con más frecuencia que otros tipos de aneurismas.


Aneurisma cerebral

Otros tipos de aneurismas cerebrales implican un ensanchamiento de todo un vaso sanguíneo o pueden aparecer como un "abombamiento" de parte de un vaso sanguíneo. Estos tipos de aneurismas se pueden presentar en cualquiera de los vasos sanguíneos que irrigan el cerebro. La ateroesclerosis, un traumatismo y una infección, que pueden lesionar la pared vascular, pueden ocasionar aneurismas cerebrales.

Aproximadamente el 5% de la población tiene algún tipo de aneurisma en el cerebro, pero sólo un pequeño número de estos aneurismas causa síntomas o ruptura. Los factores de riesgo comprenden antecedentes familiares de aneurismas cerebrales y algunos problemas médicos como la poliquistosis renal, la coartación de la aorta y la hipertensión arterial.

  • Reviewed last on: 9/28/2010
  • Daniel B. Hoch, PhD, MD, Assistant Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital; and David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Bederson JB, Connolly ES Jr, Batjer HH, Dacey RG, Dion JE, Diringer MN, Duldner JE Jr, Harbaugh RE, Patel AB, Rosenwasser RH: American Heart Association Guidelines for the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a statement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Stroke. 2009;40:994-1025.

Meyers PM, Schumacher HC, Higashida RT, Barnwell SL, Creager MA, Gupta R, McDougall CG, Pandey DK, Sacks D, Wechsler JR: American Heart Association. Indications for the performance of intracranial endovascular neurointerventional procedures: a scientific statement from the American Heart Associatino Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention. Stroke Council, council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, Interdisciplinary Council on Peripheral Vascular Disease, and Interdisciplinary Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research. Circulation. 2009;119:2235-2249.

Patterson JT, Hanbali F, Franklin RL, Nauta HJW. Neurosurgery. In: Townsend CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL, eds. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 72.

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