A Member of the University of Maryland Medical System   |   In Partnership with the University of Maryland School of Medicine

Share

Email PageEmail Print PagePrint

Home > Medical Reference > Encyclopedia (English)

Toggle: English / Spanish

Absceso epidural - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Absceso de la médula espinal

Definición:

Un absceso epidural es una acumulación de pus (material infectado) localizada entre la cubierta exterior del cerebro, la médula espinal y los huesos del cráneo o la columna vertebral. Este absceso causa hinchazón en el área.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Un absceso epidural es un raro trastorno causado por infección en el área entre los huesos del cráneo o la columna vertebral y las membranas que recubren el cerebro y la médula (meninges). Esta infección se denomina absceso epidural intracraneal si se encuentra en el área del cráneo o un absceso epidural raquídeo si se encuentra en el área de la columna vertebral. La mayoría están localizados en la columna.

La infección generalmente es causada por bacterias (la Staphylococcus aureus es la más común), pero puede ser causada por hongos. Puede deberse a otras infecciones en el cuerpo o a gérmenes que se diseminan a través de la sangre. No obstante, en algunos pacientes no se encuentra ninguna otra fuente de infección.

En el caso de un absceso epidural intracraneal (dentro del cráneo), los factores de riesgo abarcan:

Un absceso epidural raquídeo se puede observar en pacientes con:

  • Antecedentes de cirugía de espalda u otros procedimientos invasivos que involucren la columna vertebral
  • Infecciones de la sangre
  • Furúnculos, especialmente en la espalda o el cuero cabelludo
  • Infecciones óseas de la columna vertebral (osteomielitis vertebral)

Las personas que se inyectan drogas también están en mayor riesgo.

  • Reviewed last on: 9/15/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Assistant Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Assistant in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Nath A. Brain abscess and parameningeal infections. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 438.

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
adam.com
Adam QualityA.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission (www.urac.org). URAC's accreditation program is an independent audit to verify that A.D.A.M. follows rigorous standards of quality and accountability. A.D.A.M. is among the first to achieve this important distinction for online health information and services. Learn more about A.D.A.M.'s editorial policy, editorial process and privacy policy. A.D.A.M. is also a founding member of Hi-Ethics and subscribes to the principles of the Health on the Net Foundation (www.hon.ch).

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.
adam.com
Connect with UMMC
Facebook Twitter YouTube Blog iPhone

Please rate the quality of this article.

Do you find this article to be helpful / informative?
              
Poor                                       Excellent

Do you have any brief comments on this page: (up to 255 characters)

© 2011 University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC). All rights reserved.
UMMC is a member of the University of Maryland Medical System,
22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201. TDD: 1-800-735-2258 or 1.866.408.6885