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Plexopatía braquial - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Disfunción del plexo braquial; Neuropatía del plexo braquial; Síndrome de Parsonage-Turner

Definición:

Es la presencia de dolor, disminución en el movimiento o la sensibilidad en el brazo y el hombro debido a un problema neurológico.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La disfunción del plexo braquial (plexopatía braquial) es una forma de neuropatía periférica que se presenta cuando hay daño en el plexo braquial, un área donde se divide el conjunto de nervios que vienen de la médula espinal en los nervios individuales de los brazos.

El daño al plexo braquial generalmente está relacionado con una lesión directa al nervio, lesiones por estiramiento (incluyendo traumatismo al nacer), presión por tumores en el área o daño como consecuencia de la radioterapia.

La disfunción del plexo braquial también puede estar asociada con:

  • Anomalías congénitas que ejercen presión sobre el área del cuello
  • Exposición a toxinas, químicos o drogas
  • Afecciones inflamatorias, como las que se deben a un virus o un problema del sistema inmunitario

En algunos casos, no se puede identificar la causa.

  • Reviewed last on: 9/28/2010
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Daniel B. Hoch, PhD, MD, Assistant Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Ensrud E, King JC. Plexopathy--brachial. In: Frontera WR, Silver JK, Rizzo TD, eds. Essentials of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 134.

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