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Trastornos circulatorios vertebrobasilares - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Insuficiencia vertebrobasilar; Isquemia de circulación posterior

Definición:

Son afecciones en las cuales se encuentra interrumpido el suministro sanguíneo a la parte posterior del cerebro.

Ver también:

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

El sistema vertebrobasilar también se denomina circulación posterior del cerebro. Esta parte del cerebro contiene estructuras que son cruciales para mantener a una persona viva. Por ejemplo, el tronco encefálico controla la respiración y la deglución, entre otras cosas. Partes del cerebro ayudan con la visión (lóbulos occipitales) y la coordinación del movimiento (cerebelo) y también están localizadas en la parte posterior del cerebro.

Hay tres vasos principales que suministran circulación a la parte posterior del cerebro:

  • Una arteria basilar
  • Dos arterias vertebrales

El flujo sanguíneo en la circulación posterior del cerebro puede interrumpirse o reducirse por muchas afecciones diferentes. La causa más común es un accidente cerebrovascular debido al endurecimiento de las arterias (ateroesclerosis).

Los trastornos vasculares vertebrobasilares también pueden ser provocados por una ruptura (disección) en una pared arterial. La disección puede ser causada por arterias obstruidas o lesiones como un accidente automovilístico. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las veces no se puede identificar una causa aparente de la disección.

Entre otras causas menos comunes de los trastornos vasculares vertebrobasilares están las enfermedades del tejido conectivo y la vasculitis.

  • Reviewed last on: 10/4/2010
  • Daniel Kantor, MD, Medical Director of Neurologique, Ponte Vedra, FL and President of the Florida Society of Neurology (FSN). Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Gouveia LO, Castanho P, Ferreira JJ. Safety of chiropractic interventions: a systematic review. Spine. 2009 May 15;34(11):E405-13.

Adams RJ, Albers G, Alberts MJ, Benavente O, Furie K, Goldstein LB, et al. Update to the AHA/ASA recommendations for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 2008 May;39(5):1647-52. Epub 2008 Mar 5.

Biller J, Love BB, Schneck MJ. Vascular Diseases of the Nervous System. In: Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, eds. Neurology in Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2008:chap 55.

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