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Síndrome de la abertura torácica superior - Overview

Definición:

Es una rara afección que implica dolor en el cuello y en los hombros, entumecimiento y hormigueo en los dedos de las manos y prensión débil. La abertura o salida torácica es el área entre la caja torácica o parrilla costal y la clavícula.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Los vasos sanguíneos y nervios que vienen de la columna vertebral o los vasos sanguíneos mayores del cuerpo atraviesan un espacio estrecho cerca del hombro y la clavícula en su recorrido hacia los brazos. A medida que pasan o atraviesan la clavícula y las costillas superiores, es posible que no tengan suficiente espacio.

La presión (compresión) en estos vasos sanguíneos o nervios puede causar síntomas en los brazos o las manos. Los problemas con los nervios provocan casi todos casos de síndrome de la salida torácica.

La compresión puede ser causada por una costilla cervical adicional (por encima de la primera costilla) o una banda fibrosa tensa y anormal que conecta las vértebras de la columna a la costilla. Los pacientes con frecuencia se han lesionado el área en el pasado o han sobrecargado el hombro.

Las personas que tienen cuello largo y hombros caídos tienen mayor probabilidad de desarrollar esta afección, debido a la presión adicional sobre los nervios y vasos sanguíneos.

  • Reviewed last on: 11/1/2010
  • Shabir Bhimji, MD, PhD, Specializing in General Surgery, Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Midland, TX. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Smythe WR, Reznik SI, Putnam Jr. JB. Lung (including pulmonary embolism and thoracic outlet syndrome). In: Townsend Jr. CM, Beauchamp RD, Evers BM, Mattox KL. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 59.

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