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Insuficiencia placentaria - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Disfunción placentaria

Definición:

Es una complicación del embarazo en la cual la placenta no puede llevar oxígeno y nutrientes suficientes al bebé que está creciendo en el útero. La placenta es el órgano que se desarrolla durante el embarazo para alimentar al bebé en desarrollo.

Ver también: restricción del crecimiento intrauterino

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Ciertas afecciones médicas y hábitos en la madre pueden llevar a que se presente insuficiencia placentaria. Éstos abarcan:

Diabetes
Hipertensión arterial
Enfermedades que incrementan las probabilidades de coágulos sanguíneos en la madre
Tabaquismo

Algunos medicamentos también pueden incrementar el riesgo de insuficiencia placentaria.

En algunos casos, es posible que la placenta esté formada anormalmente o que no crezca lo suficiente, especialmente si usted está esperando gemelos o más. La insuficiencia placentaria también puede ocurrir si la placenta no se fija correctamente a la superficie del útero o si se desprende de esta superficie o sangra.

Anatomía de la placenta normal

Placenta

Reviewed last on: 6/5/2010
Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Susan Storck, MD, FACOG, Chief, Eastside Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Redmond, Washington; Clinical Teaching Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Baschat AA, Galan HL, Ross MG, Gabbe SG. Intrauterine growth restriction. In: Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL. Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 5th ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone; 2007:chap.29.

Grivell RM, Wong L, Bhatia V. Regimens of fetal surveillance for impaired fetal growth. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(1):CD007113.

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