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Toggle: English / SpanishDisplasia cervical - Overview
Nombres alternativos
Cambios precancerosos del cuello uterino; Neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC)
Definición:
La displasia cervical se refiere a cambios anormales en las células de la superficie del cuello uterino que se observan bajo un microscopio. El cuello uterino es la parte inferior del útero (matriz) que se abre en la parte superior de la vagina.
Aunque estos cambios no son cáncer, pueden llevar a que se presente cáncer del cuello uterino si no se tratan.
Causas:
La mayoría de los casos de displasia cervical ocurre en mujeres de 25 a 35 años, aunque puede aparecer a cualquier edad.
Casi todos los casos de cáncer de cuello uterino o displasia cervical severa son causados por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH), un virus común que se disemina a través del contacto sexual. Hay muchos tipos diferentes de VPH y algunos llevan a cáncer de cuello uterino o displasia cervical.
Los siguientes factores pueden incrementar el riesgo de displasia cervical:
- Volverse sexualmente activo antes de los 18 años de edad
- Dar a luz antes de los 16 años
- Tener múltiples parejas sexuales
- Tener otras enfermedades o usar medicamentos que inhiben el sistema inmunitario
- Tabaquismo
- Reviewed last on: 2/28/2011
- Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Susan Storck, MD, FACOG, Chief, Eastside Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Bellevue, Washington; Clinical Teaching Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
Referencias
Cervical cancer in adolescents: screening, evaluation, and manage- ment. Committee Opinion No. 463. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol. 2010;116:469–72.
ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 99: management of abnormal cervical cytology and histology. Obstet Gynecol. 2008;112(6):1419-1444.
Wright TC Jr, Massad LS, Dunton CJ, et al. American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology-sponsored Consensus Conference: 2006 consensus guidelines for the management of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or adenocarcihnoma in situ. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;197(4):340-345.
Wright TC Jr, Massad LS, Dunton CJ, et al. American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology-sponsored Consensus Conference: 2006 consensus guidelines for the management of women with abnormal cervical cancer screening tests. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;197(4):346-355.
Kahn JA. HPV vaccination for the prevention of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:271-278.
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