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Trastornos en el desarrollo de la vagina y la vulva - Overview

Definición:

Los trastornos en el desarrollo de la vagina y la vulva abarcan muchos problemas estructurales diferentes que ocurren mientras el bebé se está desarrollando en el útero de la madre.

Causas:

Las anomalías de la vagina y la vulva femeninas abarcan:

Imperforación del himen: el himen es un tejido delgado que cubre parcialmente la abertura hacia la vagina. Una imperforación del himen bloquea completamente la abertura vaginal, así que la sangre o el moco menstrual no puede fluir fuera del cuerpo. Esto con frecuencia lleva a la hinchazón dolorosa de la vagina. Algunas veces, el himen tiene sólo una abertura muy pequeña. Este problema puede no descubrirse hasta la pubertad. Algunas niñas nacen sin himen.

Anomalías vaginales: una niña puede nacer sin vagina o tener la abertura vaginal bloqueada por una capa de células que están más altas en la vagina que donde está el himen. La falta de vagina con mayor frecuencia se debe al síndrome de Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser. En este síndrome, a la bebé le faltan algunos o todos los órganos reproductores internos (útero, cuello uterino y trompas de Falopio). Otras anomalías abarcan el hecho de tener dos vaginas o una vagina que desemboca en las vías urinarias.

Problemas con los órganos genitales externos (exteriores): los problemas de desarrollo pueden provocar que los pliegues de tejido alrededor de la abertura de la vagina se junten, lo cual se denomina sinequia vulvar. Otros problemas del desarrollo pueden llevar a una inflamación del clítoris o genitales ambiguos.

Ver también:

  • Reviewed last on: 11/1/2009
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Susan Storck, MD, FACOG, Chief, Eastside Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Redmond, Washington; Clinical Teaching Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Sanfilippo JS. Vulvovaginal and müllerian anomalies. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 554.

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