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Retraso del crecimiento intrauterino - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Retardo del crecimiento intrauterino; RCIU

Definición:

Se refiere al crecimiento deficiente de un bebé mientras está en el útero durante el embarazo. Específicamente, significa que el feto pesa menos del 90% de otros bebés de la misma edad gestacional.

Causas:

Muchos factores diferentes pueden llevar a que se presente un retraso del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU). Es posible que un feto no reciba suficiente oxígeno y nutrición de la placenta durante el embarazo debido a:

  • Grandes altitudes
  • Embarazos múltiples (gemelos, trillizos, etc.)
  • Problemas en la placenta
  • Preeclampsia o eclampsia

Las anomalías congénitas o cromosómicas a menudo están asociadas con un peso por debajo de lo normal. Las infecciones durante el embarazo que afectan al feto, como la rubéola, el citomegalovirus, la toxoplasmosis y la sífilis también pueden afectar el peso fetal.

Los factores de riesgo en la madre que pueden contribuir al retraso del crecimiento intrauterino comprenden:

  • Alcoholismo
  • Trastornos de coagulación
  • Drogadicción
  • Cardiopatía o hipertensión arterial
  • Nefropatía
  • Desnutrición
  • Tabaquismo

Si la madre es pequeña, puede ser normal que el bebé sea pequeño, pero esto no se debe al retraso del crecimiento intrauterino.

Dependiendo de la causa de este retraso, el feto puede ser simétricamente pequeño o tener una cabeza del tamaño normal para su edad gestacional, mientras el resto de su cuerpo es pequeño.

  • Reviewed last on: 11/21/2010
  • Linda Vorvick, MD, Family Physician, Seattle Site Coordinator, Lecturer, Pathophysiology, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Susan Storck, MD, FACOG, Chief, Eastside Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Redmond, Washington; Clinical Teaching Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Baschat AA, Galan HL, Ross MG, Gabbe SG. Intrauterine growth restriction. In: Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL, eds. Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2007:chap 29.

Williams DE, Pridjian G. Obstetrics. In: Rakel RE, ed. Textbook of Family Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 29.

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