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Síndrome premenstrual - Overview

Nombres alternativos

SPM

Definición:

Se refiere a un amplio rango de síntomas emocionales o físicos que típicamente se presentan más o menos de 5 a 11 días antes de que una mujer comience su ciclo menstrual mensual. Los síntomas generalmente desaparecen cuando la menstruación comienza o poco después.

Ver también trastorno disfórico premenstrual (TDPM).

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

No se ha identificado la causa exacta del síndrome premenstrual. Los cambios en los niveles de hormonas del cerebro pueden jugar un papel, pero esto no se ha demostrado. Las mujeres con síndrome premenstrual también pueden responder de manera diferente a estas hormonas.

El síndrome premenstrual puede estar relacionado con factores sociales, culturales, biológicos y psicológicos.

Se estima que el síndrome premenstrual afecta hasta el 75% de las mujeres durante sus años fértiles.

Ocurre con mayor frecuencia en mujeres:

  • Que están cerca de los 30 años o que tienen un poco más de 40 años
  • Que tienen al menos un hijo
  • Con antecedentes familiares o personales de depresión grave
  • Con antecedentes de depresión puerperal o un trastorno anímico afectivo

Los síntomas típicamente empeoran en la mujer que está en o cerca de los 40 años ya que se aproxima al período de transición a la menopausia.

Hasta el 50 - 60% de las mujeres que sufren síndrome premenstrual grave tienen un trastorno psiquiátrico (trastorno disfórico premenstrual).

  • Reviewed last on: 6/16/2010
  • Susan Storck, MD, FACOG, Chief, Eastside Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Redmond, Washington; Clinical Teaching Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Lentz GM. Primary and secondary dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: etiology, diagnosis, management. In: Katz VL, Lentz GM, Lobo RA, Gershenson DM. Comprehensive Gynecology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2007: chap. 36

Yonkers KA, O'Brien PM. Premenstrual syndrome. Lancet. 2008:371(9619):1200-1210.

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