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Tumores vaginales - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Cáncer de vagina; Tumor vaginal; Cáncer vaginal

Definición:

Es una proliferación de tejido anormal en la vagina, un órgano del sistema reproductor femenino.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La mayoría de los tumores vaginales cancerosos ocurre cuando otro cáncer, como el cáncer cervical o el cáncer endometrial, se disemina, lo cual se denomina cáncer vaginal secundario.

El cáncer vaginal primario es muy raro y la mayoría de los casos comienza en las células de la piel llamadas células escamosas. El resto se agrupa en adenocarcinoma (6%), melanoma (3%) y sarcoma (3%).

Se desconoce la causa del carcinoma escamocelular de la vagina, sin embargo, hasta un 30% de las pacientes ha tenido cáncer cervical.

Alrededor del 75% de las pacientes con cáncer escamocelular de la vagina está por encima de los 50 años de edad. Los adenocarcinomas de la vagina afectan más comúnmente a las jóvenes y la edad promedio para su diagnóstico está en los 19 años.

Las mujeres cuyas madres tomaron dietilestilbestrol (DES, que se recetaba para prevenir abortos espontáneos) durante los primeros tres meses del embarazo están en mayor riesgo de desarrollar adenocarcinoma.

El sarcoma botrioide de la vagina es un tipo de cáncer raro que se presenta principalmente en el período de la lactancia y en la primera infancia.

  • Reviewed last on: 1/31/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; and Yi-Bin Chen, MD, Leukemia/Bone Marrow Transplant Program, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Dotters DJ, Katz VL. Malignant diseases of the vagina: intraepithelial neoplasia, carcinoma, sarcoma. In: Katz VL, Lentz GM, Lobo RA, Gershenson DM. Comprehensive Gynecology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby; 2007:chap 31.

Jhingran A, Russell AH, Seiden MV, et al. Cancers of the cervix, vulva, and vagina. In: Abeloff MD, Armitage JO, Niederhuber JE, Kastan MB, McKenna WG, eds. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2008:chap 91.

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