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Candidosis vaginal - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Infección vaginal por levaduras del género Candida; Candidiasis vaginal; Vaginitis candidósica

Definición:

Es una infección de la vagina, causada más comúnmente por el hongo Candida albicans.

Causas:

La mayoría de las mujeres tendrá una candidiasis vaginal en algún momento. Candida albicans es un tipo común de hongo, a menudo presente en pequeñas cantidades en la vagina, la boca, el tubo digestivo y en la piel. Por lo regular no ocasiona enfermedad ni síntomas.

La cándida y muchos otros gérmenes y microorganismos que normalmente viven en la vagina se mantienen mutuamente en equilibrio. Sin embargo, cuando la vagina presenta ciertas condiciones favorables, el número de Candida albicans aumenta llevando a que se presente una candidiasis.

Algunas de estas condiciones favorables abarcan:

  • Los antibióticos usados para tratar otros tipos de infecciones cambian el equilibrio normal entre los microorganismos en la vagina, disminuyendo el número de bacterias protectoras.
  • El hecho de estar en embarazo, tener diabetes o ser obeso crea condiciones que ayudan a estos hongos a proliferar más fácilmente

La candidiasis vaginal no es una enfermedad de transmisión sexual, sin embargo, un pequeño número de hombres presentará síntomas como prurito y erupción en el pene después de tener contacto sexual con una compañera infectada.

Tener muchas infecciones vaginales por cándida puede ser un signo de otros problemas de salud. Otras infecciones y flujos vaginales se pueden tomar erróneamente por una candidiasis vaginal.

Las infecciones repetitivas que ocurren inmediatamente después del tratamiento o una candidiasis que no responde a ningún tratamiento pueden ser un signo inicial de que una persona está infectada con VIH.

  • Reviewed last on: 11/1/2009
  • Linda Vorvick, MD, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine; and Susan Storck, MD, FACOG, Chief, Eastside Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound, Redmond, WA; Clinical Teaching Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Nviriesy P. Vulvovaginal candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am, 2008;22:637-652.

Eckert LO, Lentz GM. Infections of the lower genital tract: vulva, vagina, cervix, toxic shock syndrome, HIV infections. In: Katz VL, Lentz GM, Lobo RA, Gershenson DM, eds. Comprehensive Gynecology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier; 2007:chap 22.

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