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Retraso mental - Prevention

Nombres alternativos

Discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo

Prevención:

Genética: la evaluación prenatal para defectos genéticos y la asesoría genética para las familias que corren el riesgo de trastornos hereditarios conocidos pueden disminuir el riesgo de un retardo mental hereditario.

Social: los programas gubernamentales de nutrición están disponibles para los niños pobres en los primeros y más críticos años de vida. Estos programas pueden reducir el retardo mental asociado con desnutrición. Igualmente, es de gran ayuda la intervención oportuna en situaciones que involucran maltrato y pobreza.

Tóxica: los programas ambientales para reducir la exposición al plomo, al mercurio y a otras toxinas disminuirán el retardo mental asociado con toxinas. Sin embargo, la manifestación de sus beneficios puede tardar años. Otro factor que puede reducir la incidencia del retardo es el aumento del conocimiento del público acerca de los riesgos del alcohol y las drogas durante el embarazo.

Infecciosa: la prevención del síndrome de la rubéola congénita es probablemente uno de los mejores ejemplos de un programa exitoso para prevenir una forma de retardo mental. La vigilancia continua, como limitar la exposición a desechos de gatos que pueden causar toxoplasmosis durante el embarazo, ayuda a reducir el retardo resultante de esta infección.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/1/2011
  • Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Shapiro BK, Batshaw ML. Mental retardation (intellectual disability). In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 38.

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