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Trastorno de identidad de género - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Transexualismo

Definición:

Es un conflicto entre el sexo físico real de una persona y el sexo con el que ésta se identifica. Por ejemplo, una persona identificada como varón puede realmente sentirse y actuar como una mujer. La persona experimenta molestia considerable con el sexo biológico con el que nació.

Ver también: intersexualidad

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Las personas con problemas de identidad de género pueden actuar y presentarse como miembros del sexo opuesto. El trastorno puede afectar:

  • La elección de los compañeros sexuales
  • El despliegue de amaneramientos, comportamiento y vestuario femeninos o masculinos
  • La autoestima

El trastorno de identidad de género no es lo mismo que la homosexualidad.

Los conflictos de identidad pueden ocurrir en muchas situaciones y manifestarse en formas diferentes. Por ejemplo, algunas personas con genitales y características sexuales normales (como mamas) de un sexo en privado se identifican más con el otro sexo.

Algunas personas pueden vestirse al contrario y otros pueden buscar una cirugía para cambiarse de sexo. Otros nacen con genitales ambiguos, lo cual puede generar inquietudes acerca de su sexo.

Se desconoce la causa, pero las hormonas en el útero, los genes y los factores ambientales (como la crianza) pueden intervenir. Este raro trastorno puede ocurrir en niños o en adultos.

  • Reviewed last on: 2/18/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; and Michelle Benger Merrill, MD, Instructor in Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Shafer LC. Sexual disorders and sexual dysfunction. In: Stern TA, Rosenbaum JF, Fava M, Biederman J, Rauch SL, eds. Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier;2008:chap 36.

Peralta L. Gender identity disorder. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 13.2.

Möller B, Schreier H, Li A, Romer G. Gender identity disorder in children and adolescents. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 2009;39:117-143.

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