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Mutismo selectivo - Overview

Definición:

Es una afección médica en la cual un niño que puede hablar bien, deja de hacerlo generalmente en la escuela o en escenarios sociales.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

Se desconoce la causa del mutismo selectivo. La mayoría de los expertos cree que los niños con esta afección heredan una tendencia a ser ansiosos e inhibidos. La mayoría de los niños con esta afección tienen cierta forma de fobia social extrema.

Los padres con frecuencia piensan que el niño está rehusándose a hablar, pero generalmente el niño en realidad es incapaz de hablar en ciertos escenarios.

Algunos niños afectados tienen una historia familiar de mutismo selectivo, timidez extrema o trastornos de ansiedad, lo cual puede aumentar el riesgo de sufrir problemas similares. Este trastorno es más común en los niños menores de 5 años.

Este síndrome no es lo mismo que mutismo, en el cual los niños nunca hablan. En el mutismo selectivo, el niño tiene la capacidad tanto de entender como de hablar, pero no logra hablar en ciertos escenarios o ambientes.

  • Reviewed last on: 2/28/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; and Michelle Benger Merrill, MD, Instructor in Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Stafford B, Boris NW, Dalton R. Anxiety disorders. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 24.

Simms MD, Schum RL. Language development and communication disorders. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 32.2.

Victor AM, Bernstein GA. Anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder update. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2009;32:57-69.

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