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Síndrome de Asperger - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Síndrome de Asperger: trastorno generalizado del desarrollo; Trastorno del espectro autista de Asperger.

Definición:

El síndrome de Asperger a menudo se considera una forma de autismo de alto funcionamiento. Las personas con este síndrome tienen dificultad para interactuar socialmente, repiten comportamientos y, con frecuencia, son torpes. Puede haber retardo en los hitos del desarrollo motriz.

Causas:

En 1944, Hans Asperger denominó este trastorno "psicopatía autista". La causa exacta se desconoce, pero es muy probable que una anomalía en el cerebro sea la causa del síndrome de Asperger.

Existe una posible relación con el autismo y los factores genéticos pueden jugar un papel. El trastorno tiende a ser hereditario, pero no se ha identificado un gen específico.

La afección parece ser más común en los niños que en las niñas.

Aunque las personas con síndrome de Asperger con frecuencia tienen dificultad a nivel social, muchas tienen inteligencia por encima del promedio y pueden sobresalir en campos como la programación de computadoras y la ciencia. No se presenta retraso en su desarrollo cognitivo, habilidades para cuidar de sí mismos ni en la curiosidad acerca de su ambiente.

  • Reviewed last on: 4/26/2010
  • Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Bostic JQ, Prince JB. Child and adolescent psychiatric disorders. In: Stern TA, Rosenbaum JF, Fava M, Biederman J, Rauch SL, eds. Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier;2008:chap 69.

Shah PE, Dalton R, Boris NW. Pervasive developmental disorders and childhood psychosis. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 29.

Asperger Syndrome Fact Sheet. NINDS. January 2005. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. NIH Publication No. 05-5624. Last updated Octboer 19, 2009.

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