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Tos ferina - Symptom

Nombres alternativos

Tos convulsiva

Síntomas:

Los síntomas iniciales, similares a los del resfriado común, en general se presentan aproximadamente una semana después de la exposición a la bacteria.

Los episodios graves de tos comienzan alrededor de 10 a 12 días más tarde. En los niños, la tos a menudo termina con un "estertor", sonido que se produce cuando el paciente trata de tomar aire. Este estertor es raro en pacientes menores de 6 meses de edad y en adultos.

Los episodios de tos pueden llevar al vómito o a una breve pérdida del conocimiento. Siempre se debe pensar en la posibilidad de tos ferina cuando se presenta vómito al toser. En los bebés, los episodios de asfixia son comunes.

Otros síntomas de tos ferina abarcan:

Pruebas y exámenes:

El diagnóstico inicial generalmente se basa en los síntomas. Sin embargo, cuando los síntomas no son obvios, la tos ferina puede ser difícil de diagnosticar. En bebés muy pequeños, los síntomas en cambio pueden ser causados por neumonía.

Para estar seguro, el médico puede tomar una muestra del moco proveniente de las secreciones nasales y enviarla al laboratorio, en donde es examinada en búsqueda de tos ferina. Aunque esto puede ofrecer un diagnóstico preciso, el examen, algunas veces, y el tratamiento usualmente se inician antes de que los resultados estén listos.

A algunos pacientes se les puede hacer un conteo sanguíneo completo que muestra grandes cantidades de linfocitos.

  • Reviewed last on: 11/2/2009
  • Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Braman SS. Postinfectious cough: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2006;129(1):138S-146S.

US Food and Drug Administration. First Combination Vaccine Approved to Help Protect Adolescents Against Whooping Cough. Rockville, MD: National Press Office; May 3, 2005. Talk Paper T05-17.

Cohn AC, et al. Immunizations in the United States: a rite of passage.Pediatr Clin North Am. 2005;52(3):669-693.

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