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Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria neonatal - Prevention

Nombres alternativos

Enfermedad de la membrana hialina; Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria infantil (SDRI); Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria neonatal; SDR en bebés

Prevención:

Prevenir la prematuridad es la manera más importante de evitar el SDR neonatal. Lo ideal es que este esfuerzo empiece con la primera visita prenatal, que debe programarse tan pronto una madre se dé cuenta de que está embarazada. El buen cuidado prenatal da como resultado bebés más grandes, más saludables y menos nacimientos prematuros.

El hecho de evitar las cesáreas innecesarias o mal programadas también puede reducir el riesgo del síndrome de dificultad respiratoria.

Si una madre comienza el trabajo de parto prematuramente, se hace un examen de laboratorio para determinar la madurez de los pulmones del bebé. Cuando sea posible, normalmente se detiene el parto hasta que el examen muestre que los pulmones del bebé han madurado, lo cual disminuye las probabilidades de desarrollar SDR.

En algunos casos, se pueden administrar medicamentos llamados corticosteroides para ayudar a acelerar la madurez pulmonar en el bebé en desarrollo. Éstos a menudo se administran a mujeres embarazadas entre 24 y 34 semanas de gestación que parezca que probablemente van a dar a luz a la siguiente semana. La terapia puede reducir la tasa y severidad del SDR, como también la tasa de otras complicaciones de la prematuridad, como hemorragia intraventricular, conducto arterial persistente y enterocolitis necrosante. No está claro si las dosis adicionales de corticosteroides son seguras o eficaces.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/9/2011
  • Kimberly G Lee, MD, MSc, IBCLC, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Cloherty J, Stark A, Eichenwald E. Manual of Neonatal Care. 6th ed. Lippincott, Wilkins and Williams; 2008.

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