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Sarampión - Overview

Definición:

Es una enfermedad muy contagiosa (se propaga fácilmente) causada por un virus.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La infección se propaga por contacto con gotitas provenientes de la nariz, la boca o la garganta de una persona infectada. El estornudo y la tos pueden lanzar gotitas contaminadas al aire.

Aquellas personas que hayan tenido una infección de sarampión activa o que hayan sido vacunados contra la enfermedad tienen inmunidad contra dicha afección. Antes de la vacunación generalizada, el sarampión era una enfermedad tan común en la infancia que la mayoría de las personas ya había padecido la enfermedad a la edad de 20 años. El número de casos de sarampión descendió en las últimas décadas a casi ninguno en los Estados Unidos y Canadá; sin embargo, las tasas han comenzado a elevarse de nuevo recientemente.

Algunos padres no permiten que sus hijos sean vacunados debido a temores infundados de que la vacuna triple viral, que protege contra el sarampión, las paperas y la rubéola, pueda causar autismo. En grandes estudios realizados en miles de niños, no se ha encontrado conexión entre esta vacuna y el desarrollo de autismo. El hecho de no vacunar a los niños puede llevar a que se presenten brotes de sarampión, paperas y rubéola, todas las cuales son enfermedades de la infancia potencialmente graves.

  • Reviewed last on: 7/26/2010
  • Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Gershon AA. Measles virus (Rubeola). In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2009:chap 160.

Mason WH. Measles. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 243.

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