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Rubéola - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Sarampión alemán; sarampión de tres días

Definición:

La rubéola, también conocida como sarampión alemán, es una infección en la cual se presenta una erupción en la piel.

Ver también: rubéola congénita, cuando una mujer en embarazo resulta infectada de rubéola y se la transmite a su bebé mientras éste aún está en el útero.

Causas:

La rubéola es causada por un virus que se propaga a través del aire o por contacto cercano.

Una persona con rubéola puede transmitirle la enfermedad a otros desde una semana antes de la aparición de la erupción hasta 1 o 2 semanas después de que ésta desaparece.

Debido a que la vacuna contra el sarampión, las paperas y la rubéola (triple viral) se le administra a la mayoría de los niños, la rubéola es mucho menos común ahora. Casi cualquier persona que reciba la vacuna tiene inmunidad contra la rubéola. Inmunidad significa que el cuerpo ha creado defensas contra el virus de la rubéola.

En algunos adultos, la vacuna puede desaparecer y no protegerlos del todo. Las mujeres que puedan resultar en embarazo y otros adultos pueden recibir una dosis de refuerzo.

Los niños y los adultos que nunca fueron vacunados contra la rubéola aún pueden contraer esta infección.

  • Reviewed last on: 1/24/2011
  • Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Weisberg SS. Vaccine preventable diseases: current perspectives in historical context. Dis Mon. 2007;53:467-528.

2011 immunization schedules for children 0 to 18 years of age. ACIP meeting, October 28, 2010.

Recommended adult immunization schedule United States. 2011 Proposed Revisions. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. October 28, 2010.

Coonrod DV, Jack BW, Boggess KA. The clinical content of preconception care: immunizations as part of preconception care. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;199(6 Suppl 2):S290-S295.

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