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Anencefalia - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Aprosencefalia con cráneo abierto

Definición:

Es la ausencia de una gran parte del cerebro y del cráneo.

Causas:

La anencefalia es una de las anomalías del tubo neural más comunes. Estas anomalías son defectos congénitos que afectan el tejido que crece en el cerebro y la médula espinal.

La anencefalia ocurre a comienzos del desarrollo de un feto y se presenta cuando la porción superior del tubo neural no logra cerrarse. El porqué sucede esto no se sabe. Las posibles causas incluyen toxinas ambientales y baja ingesta de ácido fólico por parte de la madre durante el embarazo.

La anencefalia se presenta en alrededor de 1 de cada 10,000 nacimientos. El número exacto no se conoce, porque en muchos casos de estos embarazos se presenta aborto espontáneo. El hecho de tener un bebé anencefálico aumenta el riesgo de tener otro hijo con anomalías congénitas del tubo neural.

Ultrasonido de un feto normal; ventrículos cerebrales

Reviewed last on: 5/1/2011
Neil K. Kaneshiro, MD, MHA, Clinical Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Kinsman SL, Johnston MV. Congenital anomalies of the central nervous system. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 592.

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