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Síndrome de carencia materna - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Retraso del desarrollo inorgánico

Definición:

Es una forma de retraso del desarrollo causado por el descuido o abandono intencional o involuntario.

Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo:

La mayoría de los casos de bebés y niños pequeños (menores de dos años) con retraso del desarrollo no es causada por una enfermedad. La mayoría de ellos obedecen a una interacción disfuncional con la persona que cuida al niño, la pobreza, el maltrato infantil y la ignorancia de los padres acerca del cuidado adecuado del niño. Tales casos se consideran como retraso del desarrollo "inorgánico". El retraso del desarrollo en niños menores de dos años se define como una deficiencia en el aumento de peso adecuado, deficiencia en el crecimiento lineal y deficiencia para cumplir con todos o algunos de los acontecimientos importantes del desarrollo.

En el síndrome de carencia materna, aunque la madre u otro responsable del cuidado directo pueden mostrarse preocupados, es posible que el contacto físico y la interrelación normal entre madre e hijo estén ausentes o distorsionados.

Los factores que pueden contribuir al síndrome de carencia materna son, entre otros:

  • Padres jóvenes (padres adolescentes)
  • Embarazo no deseado o no planificado
  • Bajos niveles de educación (en especial si no terminaron la secundaria)
  • Bajo nivel socioeconómico
  • Ausencia del padre
  • Ausencia de una red de apoyo (familia, amigos cercanos u otro apoyo)
  • Enfermedad mental, incluyendo depresión posparto severa
  • Reviewed last on: 11/2/2009
  • Deirdre O’Reilly, MD, MPH, Neonatologist, Division of Newborn Medicine, Children’s Hospital Boston and Instructor in Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. Review Provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

Referencias

Bauchner H. Failure to thrive. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 37.

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