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Retinopatía de la prematuridad - Symptom

Nombres alternativos

Fibroplasia retrolenticular o retrocristaliniana; ROP

Síntomas:

Existen cinco etapas de la retinopatía de la prematuridad:

  • Etapa I: hay un crecimiento de vasos sanguíneos levemente anormal.
  • Etapa II: el crecimiento de vasos sanguíneos es moderadamente anormal.
  • Etapa III: el crecimiento de vasos sanguíneos es severamente anormal.
  • Etapa IV: el crecimiento de vasos sanguíneos es severamente anormal y se presenta un desprendimiento parcial de la retina.
  • Etapa V: hay un desprendimiento total de retina.

Los cambios en los vasos sanguíneos no se pueden ver a simple vista. Se necesita un examen para revelar tales problemas.

Al clasificar a un bebé con retinopatía de la prematuridad se puede decir que tiene "enfermedad plus" si la dilatación y tortuosidad de los vasos sanguíneos iguala o excede una fotografía estándar.

Los síntomas de la retinopatía de la prematuridad severa abarcan:

  • Movimientos oculares anormales
  • Estrabismo convergente
  • Miopía severa
  • Pupilas de apariencia blanca (leucocoria)

Pruebas y exámenes:

A los bebés de alto riesgo y aquellos de menos de 30 semanas de gestación o nacidos con un peso de menos de 3 libras (1.360 kg) se les deben hacer exámenes de la retina.

El primer examen normalmente debe ser de 4 a 9 semanas después del nacimiento, dependiendo de la edad gestacional del bebé. A los bebés nacidos a las 27 semanas o después normalmente se les hace el examen cuando tienen 4 semanas de edad. A los bebés nacidos antes normalmente se les hacen los exámenes más tarde.

Las evaluaciones de control se deciden con base en los resultados del primer examen. Los bebés no necesitan otra evaluación si los vasos sanguíneos en ambas retinas han completado el desarrollo normal.

Los padres deben saber qué exámenes oculares de control se necesitan antes de que el bebé salga de la sala de recién nacidos.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/4/2011
  • Daniel E. Bustos, MD, MS, Private Practice specializing in Comprehensive Ophthalmology in Eugene, OR. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Section on Ophthalmology American Academy of Pediatrics, American Academy of Ophthalmology, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus. Screening examination of premature infants for retinopathy of prematurity. Pediatrics. 2006 Feb;117(2):572-6.

International Committee for the Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity. The International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity revisited. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005 Jul;123(7):991-9.

Tasman W. Retinopathy of Prematurity: the life of a lifetime disease. Am J Ophthalmol. Jan 2006; 141(1): 167-74.

Chen ML, Guo L, Smith LE, Dammann CE, Dammann O. High or low oxygen saturation and severe retinopathy of prematurity: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2010 Jun;125(6):e1483-92.

Ellsbury DL, Ursprung R. Comprehensive Oxygen Management for the Prevention of Retinopathy of Prematurity: the pediatrix experience. Clin Perinatol. 2010 Mar;37(1):203-15.

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