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Síndrome del cromosoma X frágil - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Síndrome de Martin-Bell; Síndrome del marcador X

Definición:

Es una afección genética que involucra cambios en parte del cromosoma X. Es la forma más común de discapacidad intelectual (retardo mental) hereditario en niños.

Causas:

El síndrome del cromosoma X frágil es causado por un cambio en un gen llamado FMR1. Una pequeña parte del código del gen se repite en un área frágil del cromosoma X. Cuantas más repeticiones se presenten, mayor será la probabilidad de que haya un problema.

El gen FMR1 produce una proteína que se necesita para que el cerebro crezca apropiadamente. Un defecto en este gen hace que el cuerpo produzca muy poco de esta proteína o nada en absoluto.

Tanto los niños como las niñas pueden resultar afectados, pero debido a que los niños tienen únicamente un cromosoma X, es más probable que un solo cromosoma X frágil los afecte con más gravedad. Usted puede tener el síndrome del cromosoma X frágil incluso si sus padres no lo tienen.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/4/2011
  • Chad Haldeman-Englert, MD, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section on Medical Genetics, Winston-Salem, NC. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Wise PH. Developmental disabilities and chronic illness. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 38.
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