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Síndrome del cromosoma X frágil - Symptom

Nombres alternativos

Síndrome de Martin-Bell; Síndrome del marcador X

Síntomas:

Los problemas de comportamiento asociados con el síndrome del cromosoma X frágil abarcan:

Los signos físicos pueden abarcar:

  • Pies llanos
  • Articulaciones flexibles y tono muscular bajo
  • Tamaño del cuerpo grande
  • Orejas o frente grandes con una mandíbula prominente
  • Cara larga
  • Piel suave

Algunos de estos problemas están presentes en el nacimiento, mientras que es posible que otros no se presenten hasta después de la pubertad.

Es posible que los miembros de la familia que tengan menos repeticiones o copias en el gen FMR1 no presenten retardo mental, pero pueden tener otros problemas. Las mujeres con cambios menos graves pueden tener menopausia prematura o dificultad para quedar embarazadas. Tanto los hombres como las mujeres pueden tener problemas con temblores y coordinación deficiente.

Pruebas y exámenes:

Existen muy pocos signos sobresalientes del síndrome del cromosoma X frágil en los bebés. Algunos signos pueden abarcar:

  • Perímetro cefálico grande en los bebés
  • Retardo mental
  • Testículos de gran tamaño después del comienzo de la pubertad
  • Diferencias sutiles en características faciales

En las mujeres, la timidez excesiva puede ser el único signo del trastorno.

Con una prueba genética se puede diagnosticar esta enfermedad.

  • Reviewed last on: 8/4/2011
  • Chad Haldeman-Englert, MD, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Section on Medical Genetics, Winston-Salem, NC. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Wise PH. Developmental disabilities and chronic illness. In: Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BF, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 38.
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