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Genes - Overview

Definición:

Un gen es un segmento corto de ADN, que le dice al cuerpo cómo producir una proteína específica. Hay aproximadamente 30,000 genes en cada célula del cuerpo humano y la combinación de todos los genes constituye el material hereditario para el cuerpo humano y sus funciones.

La composición genética de una persona se llama genotipo.

Información:

Los genes están localizados en hebras de ADN, de manera similar a una sarta de cuentas. Las hebras de ADN conforman los cromosomas.

Los cromosomas contienen pares apareados de una copia de un gen específico. El gen se encuentra en la misma posición en cada cromosoma.

En las mujeres, un cromosoma sexual obtiene su gen de la madre y el otro cromosoma sexual apareado tiene el gen del padre.

En los hombres, un sólo cromosoma X proviene de la madre y un cromosoma Y no apareado proviene del padre.

Los rasgos genéticos, como el color de los ojos, se describen como dominantes o recesivos:

  • Los rasgos dominantes son controlados por un gen en el par.
  • Los rasgos recesivos requieren que ambos genes en el par de genes trabajen juntos para controlar el rasgo.

Muchas características personales, como la estatura, son determinadas por más de un gen. Sin embargo, algunas enfermedades, como la anemia drepanocítica, pueden ser ocasionadas por un cambio en un solo gen. Para mayor información, ver herencia y enfermedad.

Ver también:

  • Reviewed last on: 2/17/2011
  • David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
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