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Errores innatos del metabolismo - All Information

Nombres alternativos

Enzimopatía o metabolopatía congénita

Definición:

Los errores innatos del metabolismo o metabolopatía congénita corresponden a trastornos genéticos poco comunes en los cuales el cuerpo es incapaz de convertir los alimentos en energía de manera apropiada. Dichos trastornos generalmente son causados por defectos en proteínas específicas (enzimas) que ayudan a descomponer (metabolizar) partes del alimento.

Ver: pruebas de detección para recién nacidos

Efectos secundarios:

Un producto alimenticio que no se metabolice (descomponerse en energía) se puede acumular en el cuerpo y ocasionar una amplia variedad de síntomas. Algunos de los errores innatos del metabolismo causan retraso en el desarrollo si no se controlan. Existe un número amplio de estos errores innatos del metabolismo y este artículo ofrece una visión general.

La información específica está disponible en las siguientes formas de errores innatos del metabolismo:

Recomendaciones:

Los cambios en la dieta pueden controlar el trastorno. El tipo y grado de los cambios dependen del error metabólico específico. Por ejemplo, las personas con galactosemia deben evitar la leche y los productos lácteos, incluyendo el yogur, el queso y los helados, y en su lugar deben utilizar alimentos y sustitutos de la leche libres de lactosa y galactosa.

Los nutricionistas y médicos certificados pueden ayudar a elaborar una dieta apropiada para la enfermedad específica.

  • Reviewed last on: 6/18/2011
  • Kimberly G Lee, MD, MSc, IBCLC, Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
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