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Alcohol y dieta - Side Effects

Nombres alternativos

Licor; Dieta y alcohol

Efectos secundarios:

El consumo de alcohol afecta el sistema nervioso y actúa como un anestésico o tranquilizante suave. Es dañino si se consume en grandes cantidades y puede ser una sustancia adictiva. El alcohol es una causa principal de accidentes de tráfico en los Estados Unidos, ya que retarda los tiempos de reacción y deteriora la capacidad de discernimiento de las personas.

Beber en forma moderada se define como el consumo de 1 a 2 vasos de cerveza, vino u otra bebida alcohólica diariamente. El consumo moderado de alcohol, especialmente cuando se combina con una dieta mediterránea, ha demostrado que mejora la salud cardiovascular (corazón y vasos sanguíneos).

El consumo excesivo y continuado de alcohol puede dañar el hígado; puede causar hepatitis alcohólica e hígado graso. Este último puede progresar a una cirrosis hepática, una afección potencialmente mortal.

El alcohol aumenta el riesgo de desarrollo de cáncer de esófago, garganta, laringe, boca y mamas.

El consumo de alcohol puede causar daño al revestimiento del intestino delgado y el estómago, lo cual afecta la capacidad del cuerpo para absorber los nutrientes esenciales.

El alcohol puede deteriorar la función sexual, a pesar de que también puede incrementar el interés por la actividad sexual.

Las mujeres en embarazo no deben tomar alcohol, ya que la ingesta de esta sustancia durante este período ha sido identificada como la causa del síndrome de alcoholismo fetal.

  • Reviewed last on: 5/2/2009
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Sherin K, Kaiser G. Alcohol abuse. In: Rakel RE, ed. Textbook of Family Medicine. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2007:chap 63.

Mukamal KJ, Chiuve SE, Rimm EB. Alcohol consumption and risk for coronary heart disease in men with healthy lifestyles. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:2145-2150.

Screening and behavioral counseling interventions in primary care to reduce alcohol misuse: Recommendation statement. Rockville, MD. US Preventative Services Task Force; April 2004. Accessed May 2, 2009.

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