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Injerto óseo - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Autoinjerto; Aloinjerto

Definición:

Es una cirugía para colocar hueso nuevo o sustitutos óseos dentro de los espacios ubicados alrededor de un hueso roto o de defectos óseos.

Descripción:

El hueso nuevo se puede tomar de un hueso sano del mismo paciente (esto se denomina autoinjerto) o de un hueso donado y congelado (aloinjerto). En algunos casos, se utiliza un sustituto de hueso artificial (sintético).

El cirujano hace una incisión sobre el defecto óseo. Se moldea el injerto óseo y se inserta dentro y alrededor del área. El injerto óseo se sostiene en su lugar con clavos, placas o tornillos. Se utilizan suturas para cerrar las heridas y generalmente se usa una férula o un yeso para prevenir lesión o movimiento mientras cicatriza.

Por qué se realiza el procedimiento:

Los injertos óseos se utilizan para:

Fusionar articulaciones para impedir el movimiento
Reparar huesos rotos (fracturas) que tengan pérdida ósea
Reparar hueso lesionado que no ha sanado

Injerto de hueso - Serie

Reviewed last on: 7/28/2010
Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; C. Benjamin Ma, MD, Assistant Professor, Chief, Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, UCSF Department of Orthopaedic Surgery. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Camillo FX. Arthrodesis of the spine. In: Canale ST, Beaty JH, eds. Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2007:chap 36.

Brinker MR, O’Connor DP, Almekinders LC, et al. Bone injury. In: DeLee JC, Drez D Jr, Miller MD, eds. DeLee and Drez’s Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2009:chap 5.

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