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Parálisis facial - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Parálisis de la cara

Definición:

La parálisis facial ocurre cuando una persona ya no es capaz de mover algunos o ninguno de los músculos en un lado de la cara.

Causas:

La parálisis facial casi siempre es causada por

  • Daño o hinchazón del nervio facial, el cual lleva señales del cerebro a los músculos de la cara.
  • Daño al área del cerebro que envía señales a los músculos de la cara.

En personas por lo demás sanas, la parálisis facial se debe a la parálisis de Bell, una afección en la cual el nervio facial resulta inflamado.

Un accidente cerebrovascular puede causar parálisis facial. Con un accidente cerebrovascular, otros músculos en un lado del cuerpo también pueden resultar comprometidos.

La parálisis facial debido a un tumor cerebral generalmente se desarrolla de manera lenta y causa dolores de cabeza, convulsiones o hipoacusia.

En los recién nacidos, la parálisis facial puede ser causada por traumatismo durante el nacimiento.

Otras causas abarcan:

  • Reviewed last on: 2/18/2011
  • David C. Dugdale III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Rucker JC. Cranioal neuropathies. In: Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, eds. Bradley: Neurology in Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Butterworth-Heinemann Elsevier;2008:chap 74.

Shy ME. Peripheral neuropathies. In: Goldman L, Ausiello D, eds. Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier;2007:chap 446.

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