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Deterioro del sentido del gusto - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Pérdida del gusto; Sabor metálico; Disgeusia

Definición:

El deterioro o alteración del sentido del gusto significa que hay un problema con dicho sentido. Los problemas van desde una distorsión del gusto hasta una pérdida completa del mismo; sin embargo, esta última situación es poco común.

Consideraciones generales:

La lengua puede detectar solamente los sabores dulce, salado, agrio y amargo; y mucho de lo que se percibe como "sabor" es en realidad olor. Las personas que tienen problemas en el sentido del gusto a menudo tienen un trastorno en el sentido del olfato que les puede dificultar la identificación del aroma o sabor de un alimento (el aroma es una combinación de sabor y olor).

Los problemas del gusto pueden ser causados por cualquier factor que interrumpa la transferencia de sensaciones de sabor al cerebro o por trastornos que afecten la forma como este órgano interpreta estas sensaciones.


Gusto

Causas comunes:

La sensación del gusto a menudo disminuye después de los 60 años. Con mayor frecuencia, se pierden primero los sabores dulce y salado. Los sabores amargo y agrio duran un poco más. Ver: cambios en los sentidos por el envejecimiento.

Las causas del deterioro del sentido del gusto abarcan:

Otras causas son:

  • Cirugía del oído.
  • Consumo de cigarrillo en exceso (en especial el fumar con pipa).
  • Lesiones en la boca, la nariz o la cabeza.
  • Resequedad de la boca.
  • Medicamentos como los antitiroideos, captopril, griseofulvina, litio, penicilamina, procarbazina, rifampicina y algunos fármacos utilizados para tratar el cáncer.
  • Encías inflamadas o hinchadas (gingivitis).
  • Deficiencia de vitamina B12 o de zinc.
  • Reviewed last on: 3/5/2011
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; and Seth Schwartz, MD, MPH, Otolaryngologist, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Reamy BV, Derby R, Bunt CW. Common tongue conditions in primary care. Am Fam Physician. 2010;81(5):627-634.

Finelli PF, Mair RG. Disturbances of smell and taste. In: Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jankovic J, eds. Neurology in Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Butterworth-Heinemann; 2008:chap 19.

Travers JB, Travers SP, Christian JM. Physiology of the oral cavity. In: Cummings CW, Flint PW, Haughey BH, et al, eds. Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2010:chap 89.

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