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Disminución del apetito - Overview

Nombres alternativos

Inapetencia; Pérdida del apetito; Anorexia

Definición:

Es una situación que se da cuando se tiene menos deseo de consumir alimento. El término médico para la inapetencia es anorexia.

Consideraciones generales:

Cualquier enfermedad puede afectar un apetito previamente bueno. Si la enfermedad se puede tratar, el apetito debe retornar una vez que la afección se cura.

La inapetencia puede causar pérdida de peso involuntaria.

Causas comunes:

Una disminución del apetito casi siempre se observa entre los adultos mayores y no se puede encontrar ninguna causa. Sin embargo, la tristeza, la depresión, la aflicción o la ansiedad son una causa común de pérdida de peso que no se explica por otros factores, sobre todo entre los ancianos.

El cáncer también puede causar disminución del apetito. Usted puede bajar de peso sin intentarlo. Los cánceres que pueden provocar que usted pierda su apetito abarcan:

  • Cáncer de colon
  • Cáncer ovárico
  • Cáncer del estómago
  • Cáncer pancreático

Otras causas de disminución del apetito abarcan:

  • Enfermedad hepática crónica
  • Insuficiencia renal crónica
  • EPOC
  • Demencia
  • Insuficiencia cardíaca
  • Hepatitis
  • VIH
  • Hipotiroidismo
  • Embarazo (primer trimestre)
  • Uso de ciertos medicamentos, incluyendo antibióticos, fármacos para quimioterapia, codeína y morfina
  • Uso de drogas psicoactivas incluyendo anfetaminas, cocaína y heroína
  • Reviewed last on: 7/22/2010
  • Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.

Referencias

Mason JB. Nutritional Assessment and Management of the Malnourished Patient. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. Sleisenger & Fordtran’s Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease. 9th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2010:chap 4.

Stewart GD. Skipworth RJE, Fearon KCH. The Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome. In: Walsh D, Caraceni AT, Fainsinger R, et al, eds. Palliative Medicine. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2008:chap 106.

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